Avian influenza a viruses can infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of birds and have been isolated from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the world. Influenza a viruses are classified into subtypes based on two surface proteins, hemagglutinin ha and neuraminidase na. This report presents an overview of historical and. Like other avian viruses of the h5 and h7 subtypes, h5n1 initially caused only mild disease with symptoms, such as ruffled feathers and. There are two types of avian influenza ai that are identified as h5n1.
Avian influenza, known informally as avian flu or bird flu, is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds. The positive result was from a white tailed eagle haliaeetus albicilla found dead near the municipality of. A virus is defined as hpai or lpai by its ability to cause severe disease in intravenously inoculated young chickens in the laboratory, or by its. For more information on animal infection with avian influenza viruses. Avian influenza ah7n9 virus 8 april 20 updated on 15 april 20. The oie s objectives of promoting transparency and understanding of the global animal disease situation continue as a priority of our organisation in the face of this situation, in. The objective is to describe what is happening currently, explain what we are seeing, and consider what might happen next. Avian influenza ai or bird flu is a highly contagious viral infection which can affect all species of birds and can manifest itself in different ways depending mainly on the ability of the virus to cause disease pathogenicity and on the species affected. Although there are several types of bird flu, h5n1 was the first avian influenza virus to infect humans. Realtime rtpcr protocol for the detection of avian.
Pathog enicity refers to the ability of the virus to produce disease. Avian influenza report avian influenza report is a weekly report produced by the surveillance division of the communicable disease branch of the centre for health protection. Avian influenza viruses are classified as either low pathogenic also called low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses or highly pathogenic high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Oie terrestrial animal health code 2005 1 chapter 2. Genetic characterization of avian influenza ah5n6 virus. Terrestrial animal health code, avian influenza is notifiable to oie and is defined as an infection of poultry caused by any influenza a virus with high pathogenicity hpai and by h5 and h7 subtypes. The meeting was organized by the italian ministry of health in collaboration with the istituto zooprofilattico sperimentale delle venezie national and oie reference laboratory for newcastle disease and avian influenza fao reference centre for animal influenza and newcastle. For the purposes of this terrestrial code, avian influenza in its notifiable form nai is defined as an infection of poultry caused by any influenza a. Collecting, preserving and shipping specimens for the. Oie terrestrial animal health standards commissionfebruary 2015 chapter 10. Wild aquatic birds can be infected with avian influenza a viruses in their intestines and respiratory tract, but usually do not get.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza in russia additional information translation of information received on 5 august 2005 from dr evgueny a. Whoconfirmed human cases of avian influenza ah5n1 infection, 25 november 2003 24 november 2006 weekly epidemiological record wer vol. The secure food supply plans for poultry, milk, pork and beef were developed to aid producers, transporters and food processors in the event of a foreign animal disease outbreak, like high pathogenicity avian influenza hpai. General provisions 1 for the purposes of the terrestrial code, avian influenza is defined as an infection of poultry caused by any influenza a virus of the h5 or h7 subtypes or by any influenza a virus with an intravenous pathogenicity index. Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses. This was the first registered danish outbreak of hpai h5n6. Information for specific groups avian influenza flu.
The virus has high homology to human h5n6 influenza strains isolated from southeast china. Avian influenza protecting poultry workers at risk external, osha. Introduction highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai caused by the ah5n1 influenza subtype in animal. Influenza at the humananimal interface summary and. Avian influenza weekly update number 734 27 march 20. In collaboration with domestic and global partners. Collecting, preserving and shipping specimens for the diagnosis of avian influenza ah5n1 virus infection guide for field operations october 2006 4 1. Under the notifiable avian influenza hazard specific plan, the cfia responds to both highly pathogenic and low pathogenic h5 and h7 viruses by reporting disease outbreaks to the oie, establishing quarantines, ordering the humane destruction of poultry, conducting traceout activities, overseeing the cleaning and disinfection of premises, and. Avian influenza weekly update number 735 2 human infection with avian influenza ah7n4 virus in china between 27 march and 2 april 2020, no new cases of human infection with avian influenza ah7n4 virus were reported to who in the western pacific region. Department of agriculture usda received a total of seven reports of hpai h5n2 or h5n8 in captive wild birds and backyard flocks from the northwestern united states. This report highlights global avian influenza activity in humans and birds. Wild water fowl such as ducks and geese are mostly affected by ai, but often show no apparent signs of illness.
Avian influenza at a glance what is avian influenza. Bird flu is similar to swine flu, dog flu, horse flu and human flu as an illness caused by strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. The case was recorded on a turkey farm in dornum, aurich in niedersachsen, located in the north of the country. Nowadays, due to ongoing circulation of various strains h5n1, h5n2, h5n8, h7n8, etc, outbreaks of avian influenza continue to be a global public health concern. Timely identification of pandemic influenza threats depends on monitoring for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Influenza a viruses with high pathogenicity in birds other than. Oie situation report for avian influenza latest update. Occasionally mammals, including humans, may contract avian influenza. Testing for the presence of ai requires that samples be taken from live birds, dead birds or the environment birds inhabit. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. The drastic increase in research has resulted in a significant expansion of our knowledge of avian influenza viruses and the role they play in animals and humans. Influenza a is caused by specified viruses that are. Cdc works to improve global control and prevention of seasonal and novel influenza, including avian influenza viruses, and works to improve influenza pandemic preparedness and response.
Avian influenza report centre for health protection. Poultry birds are also susceptible to ai infection that can cause large outbreaks and epidemics in poultry. Reduce the time parameter required to inactivate avian influenza virus in dried egg white at a core temperature of 54. Despite an abundance of genomic data from avian influenza virus aiv, little is known about whether aiv evolves differently in wild birds and poultry, although this is critical to revealing the. Since the previous update on 25 november 2019, no new human infections with avian or swine influenza were reported. The virus constantly evolves and the behavior of each new subtype and strains within subtypes, and the risks they present, can vary, as will the response in different countries. We isolated highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n6 virus clade 2. The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai.
In this study, the authors infected 5monthold cats using 2 different north american shorebird avian influenza viruses h1n9 and h6n4 subtypes. Avian influenza refers to infection of birds with avian influenza type a viruses. Additionally, add a new row to recognize a lower core temperature standard that is also used by industry specifically, 72 hours at 51. Who manual on animal influenza diagnosis and surveillance. This fact sheet provides definitions and a description of the tests used to diagnose avian influenza ai in u.
Structure of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. Foremost experts in influenza have agreed to share their opinion and. Oie situation report for avian influenza 19 september 2017 1 oie situation report for avian influenza latest update. Interim guidance on case definitions for investigations of. In december 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai was detected in the united states for the first time in 10 years.
Information on avian influenza avian influenza flu. The who collaborating center for reference and research on influenzaat the chinese national influenza center, beijing, has made available attached realchina, time rtpcr protocol for the detection of avian influenza ah7n9 virus. Cdc interim guidance for landfill workers in the united states disposing of poultry carcasses during outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza cdc pdf. Oie situation report for highly pathogenic avian influenza. General provisions 1 for the purposes of the terrestrial code, avian influenza is defined as an infection of poultry caused. Avian influenza refers to disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses.
Selected publications and resources related to h7n9. More than 10,000 birds have been destroyed in germany following the confirmation of a case of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8. Notifiable avian influenza is defined by the world organization for animal health oie as an infection of poultry caused by any influenza a virus of the h5 or h7 subtypes or by any avian influenza virus with an intravenous pathogenicity index ivpi greater than 1. Avian influenza in humans national health portal of india.
The diversity of avian influenza virus subtypes in live poultry markets before and during the second wave of ah7n9 infections in hangzhou, china. In order to ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation, to safeguard international trade on animals and animal products and to be consistent with chapters 1. Ensuring the protection of employees involved in highly pathogenic avian influenza control and eradication activities cdc pdf external, aphis. This section presents the cumulative data for the period from 20 to present and highlights.
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